Scientific collaboration between Professor Marco Toscani and Dr. Pasquale Fino, Chair of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Umberto I Health Center – “Sapienza” University of Rome.
With the term Telogen Defluvium we mean a modest, not excessive, loss of hair in the telogen phase, but which tends to often be irreversible, with the precise characteristics of hair in decay or involution. The hair that falls out is usually short and fine, with bulbs that are undeveloped and reduced in size.
Telogen Defluvium is nothing other than Androgenetic Defluvium (pattern hair loss).
With Telogen Defluvium the number of hairs lost does not exceed 100. With the pull test only two or three hairs at most are usually obtained. This means that due to the defluvium, the anagen phase has become temporally shorter (compared to its usually length), thus reducing the ability of hair follicles to sustain hair growth.
An alteration of the trichogram is almost non-existent with a number of hair in the anagen phase at around 80% due to a temporal reduction of the anagen phase of the hair follicle.
Due to a very short anagen phase, between 10% and 60% of fallen hair are short, thin and with bulbs that have a very thin diameter. They are moreover located on the surface of the dermis compared to hair that has a normal growth cycle. This hair is in between terminal hair and vellus hair.
It is included among hair in the involution phase with a short anagen phase and therefore is considered like hair in the premature telogen phase which falls out before its time. It is short and thin because it does not have time to develop (short anagen phase), it appears small and involute after a very short anagen phase and is characteristic of this form of hair loss. The follicle remains histologically present for a long time, even if it is not as deep and contains a hair that is increasingly involute. Only very late does this hair go towards hyalinosis.
This is a pathological process that may manifest in various bodily structures, characterized by the intra- and extra-cellular accumulation of material, called hyaliane, which damages the structure and function of the affected areas, resulting in progressive atrophy. The hair loss resulting from this is similar to a scarring form with loss of the skin adnexa.
We can distinguish between an acute form of Telogen Defluvium (very intense and characterized by a temporary loss of hair) and a chronic form of Telogen Defluvium (a modest type with a constant loss of hair).
In men common causes of Telogen Defluvium are both pattern hair loss (chronic telogen defluvium) and male frontoparietal alopecia (chronic telogen defluvium).
Instead, in women common causes of Telogen Defluvium are more numerous. Among them we note: pattern hair loss from drugs (acute telogen defluvium), post-menopause hair loss (acute telogen defluvium), hair loss from androgen secreting tumors (acute telogen defluvium), hereditary hair loss (chronic telogen defluvium), polycystic ovary hair loss, congenital adrenal hyperplasia hair loss (acute telogen defluvium), hair loss from anorexia nervosa (acute telogen defluvium) and lastly hair loss from hyperprolactinemia (acute telogen defluvium).
Scalp itchiness of varying intensity is a sensation perceived by many people of both sexes.
Itchiness is a scalp problem that leads those afflicted to scratch their skin and is often associated with pain. Many causes of this illness are recognized, which shouldn’t be underestimated as it may cause hair loss or thinning.
Excess sweat production on the entire surface of the body or just in some areas (especially the scalp, palms of the hands, soles of the feet) is called hyperhidrosis.
Some of the causes that may lead to temporary hyperhidrosis are physical hyperactivity, fevers, saunas, vomiting and dysentery. Causes that may instead lead to a repeated state of hyperhidrosis are hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia and alcoholism
Greasy hair appears dirty, greasy, oily, shiny and often has an unpleasant odor.
Individuals who have greasy hair often also have other areas of the skin (nose, forehead, chin) that are quite greasy (called “seborrheic” skin).
The term Telogen Effluvium was introduced for the first time by Kligman (*) in 1961 to introduce an acute hair loss of benign origin that follows an intense and short period of stress of different types. Subsequently, Rebora (**) introduced the concept of chronic Telogen Effluvium.
Scalp pain and irritation (or trichodynia) are pathological conditions that affect both women (in a greater percentage) and men (in a lower percentage). The pain felt on the scalp, spontaneous or caused by treatment, and in particular around the roots of the hair, may be more or less intense, alternating at times between periods of disappearance, associated with burning, tingling or itching.
Recent studies have demonstrated that around one in five young men tend to lose their hair prematurely over time.
This problem does not affect only young men but also young women.
In the majority of cases, it is androgenetic alopecia (pattern hair loss) and therefore is hereditary/genetic. However, it is important to remember that often factors of psychological origin like performance anxiety, trauma and emotional stress take over, thereby becoming a source and cause of hair loss from stress.
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