Scientific collaboration between Professor Marco Toscani and Dr. Pasquale Fino, Chair of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Umberto I Health Center – “Sapienza” University of Rome.
Changes in the hair shaft lead to deterioration with the appearance of ruined or damaged hair.
In healthy hair, the cuticle is whole, with overlapping shingles. Hair with whole ends appears shiny, elastic and brushes easily.
In this case of brittle hair, the shingles of the cuticle are raised or in some cases absent. Hair appears coarse to the touch, dull, opaque, untameable, difficult to brush, with loss of color and a reduction of shininess.
In this type of damaged hair, the protein structure of keratin appears to be altered. The hair loses its amino acidic equilibrium, becoming gradually more delicate and less resistant to external aggressions. One of the possible causes is psycho-physical stress.
Use of an overly intense or hot hair dryer results in dryness and dehydration of the shaft. The hair becomes electrified. It ends up losing its hydro-equilibrium, with a subsequent reduction of diameter of the shaft.
Characterized by the presence of split ends. Hair appears dry with the presence of dry, discolored and damaged ends. In the case of some lengths, it may assume a particular “dovetail” form.
Trichoclasis, typical of fine, thin hair, causes very deep damage in the hair stem. The hair ends open up like a brush. The cause of trichoclasis is mineral deficiency.
Swelling of the cuticle and the cortex lead to a reduction and subsequent loss in elasticity and softness of the hair, making it untameable and difficult to brush. Off-the-shelf products with emollient and hydrating properties such as oil compresses, flaxseed and restructuring and regenerating masks are remedies and treatments used to cure brittle hair.
Greasy hair appears dirty, greasy, oily, shiny and often has an unpleasant odor.
Individuals who have greasy hair often also have other areas of the skin (nose, forehead, chin) that are quite greasy (called “seborrheic” skin).
Dry skin or asteatosis is a scalp condition deriving from a lipid deficiency.
It is often associated with a situation of exacerbated dehydration. We can identify both internal and external causes for this anomaly.
Both men and women of any age may have dry hair. This situation is endured not only as an aesthetic problem, but in time may represent a problem concerning hair health. Dry hair often appears weak, fragile and tends to become brittle and to break.
Dry hair often has split ends and other forms of damage to the shaft.
A shedding of hair is considered physiologically normal when hair loss is limited to around one hundred hairs per day. During an individual’s life hair grows, falls out and regrows around twenty times. Each cycle, especially for females, may last up to six years and if hair loss is found within this time frame, it is considered absolutely physiological.
Scalp pain and irritation (or trichodynia) are pathological conditions that affect both women (in a greater percentage) and men (in a lower percentage). The pain felt on the scalp, spontaneous or caused by treatment, and in particular around the roots of the hair, may be more or less intense, alternating at times between periods of disappearance, associated with burning, tingling or itching.
Seborrheic dermatitis is a very common scalp condition characterized by the presence of yellow and oily flakes on the skin.
It is associated with erythema, small scaly, and intense itching.
Seborrheic dermatitis is a well-known condition but is still not easily identifiable. Many men and women starting from puberty have oily, greasy, shiny and thickened skin with large hair follicles, especially noticeable around the nose and mouth, forehead, torso, scalp (affected by so-called oily dandruff).
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